Análise filogenética do clado neotropical de Habenaria (Orchidaceae) baseada em dados moleculares e morfológicos

Abstract

This work presents a phylogenetic analysis of the neotropical clade of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. The objectives were: (i) analyze the evolutionary relationships of the neotropical clade of Habenaria from phylogenetic analyzes based on molecular and morphological data; (ii) compare the topologies obtained from separate and combined analyzes; and (iii) assist in the understanding of the taxonomy and morphological evolution of the group. 75 species, including Habenaria (Neotropical and African), Bonatea and Gennaria were used. 36 morphological characters were obtained, while 1383 molecular characters were obtained from previously published analyzes. Parsimony analysis of separate and combined data were performed and strict consensus trees presented. The highest resolution was obtained by molecular analysis, while the morphological and combined topologies presented low resolution. The monophyly of the Neotropical clade of Habenaria was recovered only in the molecular and combined analyzes. Morphological synapomorphies for this clade and its subclades were not identified. Bonatea appeared as a monophyletic group in all analyzes, with several morphological synapomorphies. Although the morphological analysis did not produce satisfactory results, this was the first work of the neotropical clade of Habenaria using morphological characters and combined with molecular data in a phylogenetic context.