Efeito do exercício multicomponente na prevenção de quedas em idosos da comunidade: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The aging process causes functional changes that can compromise gait and balance in the elderly, which directly affects functional capacity . The fall factor in old age is considered a public health problem, reason for the high incidence of hospitalization in the population over 60 years, morbidity and mortality. Falls are the result of decreased functionality due to changes in the aging process, as well as environmental and behavioral factors. Multicomponent exercise programs have been shown to reduce falls and improve functional capacity in older adults. The present study aimed to determine whether multicomponent exercises prevent falls in active elderly people living in the community. In this systematic review, studies with elderly people of both sexes living in the community were included. A search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, Scielo and PEDRO. The search was restricted to the publication date of studies from 2015 to 2022 and restricted to publications in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The descriptors exercise, multicomponent exercises, Multicomponent physical exercise program, Falls, balance elderly, elders, older people, aging, age, multimodal exercise, multicomponent rehabilitation, multicomponent training programs and their equivalents in Portuguese and Spanish were used. Four studies were found that used multicomponent training as a way to prevent falls in the elderly. It was found that interventions with multicomponent exercises, associated with behavioral guidelines on risk factors for the prevention of falls, were able to prevent falls among the elderly. Gaining muscle strength and improving balance are important for preventing falls. Thus, it was verified by the present systematic review that multicomponent exercises can be used to prevent falls in active elderly people living in the community.