Tratamento de complicações associadas ao extravasamento de drogas antineoplásicas: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

The cancer that is considered a chronic degenerative disease in recent decades, gained a larger, becoming an obvious public health problem worldwide. The anticancer treatment called chemotherapy have more advanced every day, bringing huge gains for anticancer therapy, but this treatment causes many side effects for patients. The extravasation of anticancer drugs is an adverse event of antineoplastic treatment and unfavorable that have a low incidence, but that can cause cosmetic and functional damage to patients. Prevention is considered the most important intervention because the treatment is still controversial. The objective of this study was to identify nursing interventions in the treatment of complications associated with extravasation of antineoplastic drugs. The theoretical framework was chosen to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and methodology was Integrative Review of the Literature. The sample consisted of 7 items that, that addressed the treatment of extravasation of antineoplastic drugs. The level of evidence of the studies included in the sample was low because the sample consisted of literature review articles, guide clinical practice and case report. It is noteworthy that as treatment options were mentioned: the application of cold compresses and warm, use of antidotes as DMSO (Dimetisulfóxido), hyaluronidase, sodium thiosulfate, Dexrazoxane and surgical interventions. The only antidote had scientific proof of efficacy was dexrazoxane, which can be used in the extravasation of anthracyclines. Therefore, it is recommended that research be conducted and clinical studies with the strongest levels of evidence for treatment for this adverse event is actually performed efficiently and effectively.