Jornalismo e o espírito intempestivo: fantasmas na mediação jornalística da história, na história

Abstract

This work promotes a look over journalism and its manners to offer itself, through narratives and dispositives, as mediation of history, in a way that such mediation is conceived in its historicity. To do so, it calls out for the concept of fantastic, seized mainly from studies in the fields of literary fiction, as a heuristic operator for the relations between modern men and time. Through this operation, the fantastic unveils a form of experience of the historical reality characterized by paradoxes composed in the tension between currentness and untimeliness. The dissertation starts with the critique of approaches of newspapers that disregard its temporal aspects and take journalism as a function, in its supposed role of integrating and ordaining the world, to focus on narrative and history as theoretical and methodological problems to be undertaken. Benefiting from the power of alterity of the fantastic, the study investigates dispositives of legitimization of the so called modern journalism, particularly those constituted around what has been called the crisis of journalism, in its connections with narratives set by news from featured daily papers. Two regimes of historicity are, thus, comprehended: the first one is based on elements found at the Newseum, the journalism museum opened on April 11, 2008, in Washington D.C., USA, and on analyses of news pieces published the same day at New York Times, showing relations with time that are strongly anchored in the monumentalization of spaces of experience; the second regime is based on the aspects found in the promotional material for Folha de S. Paulo's editorial reform, released in May 23, 2010, an on analyses of news pieces published the same day by Folha, showing temporal relations with the world guided by the search of progress towards horizons of expectations. In these analyses, the traits of certain writers oeuvres are also articulated, writers ]such as Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, on the first case, and José J. Veiga and Lygia Fagundes Telles, on the second. With them, the study states, in the journalism institutionalization efforts, the conditions of possibility of experiences of history strongly haunted by the menaces of the past and the future.