Perfil epidemiológico e qualidade microbiológica da água para consumo humano envolvida em surtos de doenças de veiculação hídrica ocorridos em Minas Gerais no período de 2014 a 2016 através da pesquisa de indicadores de contaminação fecal

Abstract

Water is a potential way for transmission of diseases caused by enteropathogens, that symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. The health authorities act in the investigation of outbreaks, identifying sick and non-sick people, symptoms, probable pathogens and their source. Minas Gerais have 28 GRS, 346 VISA and LACEN, responsible for the investigation of outbreaks. The Portaria MS nº 2.914/2011 defines drinking water standards through bioindicators of environmental and fecal contamination. The data evaluated in this work were related from 2014 to 2016, provided by FUNED. After the notification, the survey form was completed, the water samples collected and sent to LACEN. The samples were analyzed using the chromogenic method - enzymatic substrate - Colilert ®. During this period, 103 outbreaks were reported, involving 1.620 people, 1.447 patients, 41 hospitalizations and one r death. Diarrhea, vomiting, colic, nausea and fever were the most frequent symptoms. Most of the occurrences were in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte. Of the total of 282 samples, 210 of treated water and 72 in natura were analyzed. In 30 outbreaks the water was improper for consumption (50 samples), the majority being in natura (38 samples). Waterborne diseases have a strong impact on the general population where diarrhea and vomiting predominate as one of the main enteric symptoms. The number of notifications is proportional to the size of the population exposed. The analysis of epidemiological and potability data are tools that allow us to evaluate water as a potential source/reservoir of enteropathogens.