Doença periodontal em adolescentes residentes no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Brasil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival condition and related factors among 15 to 19-year-old adolescents living in an economically disadvantaged Brazilian region. A crosssectional study was conducted with a random sample of 450 individuals in 13 cities drawn in the Jequitinhonha Valley (MG). The gingival condition was evaluated by a single calibrated examiner (Kappa 0.85) between April and August 2010 that used the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) modified to measure the presence of bleeding and calculus or both for dental element and sextant. The examination was conducted at the place of residence of the adolescent, using WHO periodontal probe. The study was approved by COEP / UFMG. Statistical analysis was performed by Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) that allows to study the relationship between qualitative or categorical variables of the investigated problem, in this case periodontal disease, according to the code of the CPI for the construction of groups formed by individuals with similar characteristics. Two distinct groups have been identified in relation to periodontal disease. The first group with adolescents with healthy periodontium, 19 years old, who worked and had higher family income. In group 2, were adolescents with bleeding gums, age 15 to 16 years, of both sexes, in elementary school, lower family income and declared themselves as mixed race or black. Of the 450 adolescents surveyed, 16 (3.6%) were healthy, 235 (52.2%) with gingival bleeding, 36 (8.0%) with dental calculus and 163 (36.2%) with gingival bleeding and dental calculus. Conclusion: Through Correspondence Analysis it was possible to relate the presence of gingivitis (gingival bleeding on probing), as measured by the CPI index with sociodemographic variables: family income, age and work activity. The presence of gingivitis was related to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of adolescents living in the Valley of Jequitinhonha (MG).