Efeitos dos protocolos de prevenção de lesão na biomecânica do movimento de aterrissagem em corredores: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Running is one of the most popular and accessible sporting activities practiced by the population and despite the series of health-related benefits it offers, musculoskeletal injuries are a major barrier to continued participation in this sport. Objective: to systematically review the literature on prevention programs and their effects on reducing the risk of injury in running, prioritizing the biomechanics of the landing movement. Methodology: Five electronic databases were searched for studies and included those that investigated some type of intervention to prevent injuries that had any direct or indirect influence on the mechanics of runners' landing; considering the kinematics, kinetics and functional performance of the lower limbs. Results: The criteria were met by 32 studies with a total of 1340 participants and 72% of them were in the intervention groups. Participants were predominantly male and from recreational backgrounds. The overall average age was 30.33 years. The predominant kinetic variables were ground reaction forces and muscular forces; the kinematics were the evaluations of the foot/ankle segments, followed by the knee, hip and pelvis. Among the strategies and resources used in training, exercises and foot strike changes prevailed; which were also the interventions that provided the most statistically significant results. Regarding duration, short durations (1 to 3 days) stood out, followed by 8 weeks and 6 weeks. Conclusion: Exercise and changing foot strikes when running were the most effective modalities among prevention program interventions used to modify variables directly related to the risk of injuries in runners.