Intervenções fisioterapêuticas no pós-operatório de hérnia de disco lombar: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Physical therapy plays an important role in the postoperative period of orthopedic surgeries.The objective of the present study was to review current studies that addressed the physiotherapeutic interventions in the postoperative period of lumbar disc herniation and to show its efficacy. For this, a bibliographic review was done using MEDLINE, SCIELO and Pedro databases, with studies that correlated with the proposed theme. Twenty five studies were excluded and nine were selected for review. The findings showed that pre and post-surgical physiotherapy can minimize complaints and optimize results, reducing discomfort and improving the quality of recovery for the patient. Active rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery is more effective than no treatment. Rehabilitation start time and frequency are well discussed, and are important factors for overall outcome. In addition, it is important to preserve the patient's functionality. The exercise accelerates the recovery process avoiding atrophy of musculature and other co-morbidities. The selected studies showed that active exercises, dynamic lumbar stabilization, extension exercises, intense exercises and aerobics can have repercussions on patient recovery benefits. Although there are controversies in the literature regarding the time to start, duration, and type of exercises can be concluded that when started after 12 weeks of postoperative interval presents more positive results to patients. However, it is possible to suggest the creation of a new rehabilitation protocol, about the interventions analyzed in this research