Complicações infecciosas relacionadas ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Infections are the main complications in patients undergoing transplantation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Objective: To highlight the major infectious complications related to this type of transplant. Method: An integrative literature review was performed using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 75 articles were obtained and included 17. The inclusion criteria were: papers discussing the issue in adults or children, hospitalized to perform transplantation and after transplant. Exclusion criteria were: monographs, dissertations, books and publications that were not available. Results: The main infections were described: clinical sepsis, bloodstream infection associated with central venous catheters, bacterial and viral diarrhea, fungemias, pneumonia, fungal infections, mucomicoses, mucositis, virus infection (herpes, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus, H1N1) and toxoplasmosis. Risk factors for these infections, neutropenia, transplant type, cell source, the use of prophylactic antibiotics, different intensities of conditioning, graft versus host, high doses of corticosteroids. Conclusion: Most publications demonstrated that bacterial infections are responsible for the infectious complications in patients undergoing HSCT, followed by viruses, fungi and parasites. Monitor the cellular immunity of these patients, reduce neutropenia period, avoid the indiscriminate use of drugs, control infections, improve supportive care and avoid the use of invasive procedures are important measures for the prevention of infectious complications related to HSCT.