A dinâmica das afetações em áreas protegidas no Brasil e na Tanzânia: análise sistemática da literatura sobre conflitos ambientais territoriais (1980-2019)

Abstract

Environmental conservation through the implementation of protected areas from the preservationist model that dichotomizes society and nature, consolidated by the Yellowstone National Park in the United States created in 1872, has created conflicts and social problems in African countries such as Tanzania and Latin Americans such as Brazil, for being a model alien to local realities. The present work intends to systematically analyze the literature produced on territorial environmental conflicts in the contexts of Brazil and Tanzania between 1980 and 2019. In both countries, literature review, content analysis and statistical analysis were used to carry out the research. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies allowed us to observe that traditional communities in Tanzania and Traditional Peoples and Communities in Brazil are the main victims of this conservation model that physically, socioeconomically and symbolically deterritorializes culturally differentiated populations. It was also observed that protected areas were made possible both to boost developmental economic growth in Tanzania through tourism and to fulfill agreements that aim to reduce the effects of development in Brazil.