Da autoconstrução à arquitetura aberta: o Open Building no Brasil

Abstract

This work starts from a problematic double, the non-participation of the dweller in decisionmaking processes and the non-spatial flexibility related to the public production of social housing in Brazil, which nowadays is performed by State-Market partnerships. In addition to being inadequate in meeting the housing needs of the family, this production is insignificant compared to the predominant housing provision carried out by Autoconstruction. Given this situation, the thesis investigates the relevance and feasibility of another practice for production, choosing for that the international approach of design, construction and use of the space the Supports Theory and Open Building , whose assumptions are reconstructed from the conditions of Brazilian production, to set up as a counter-point to that public-private production and as a way of reconciling its intertwining with the production by Auto-construction, which here is called open architecture. The construction of the proposal follows a cross-sectional, relational and thematic analysis of the two Brazilian production universes, crossed by the dialogue with the Habraken Theory and in light of Bourdieu's sociological theory field, capital and habitus ; in comings and goings fed by an analysis of the empirical data, which in turn are organized under the various aspects of the conditions of production of the Brazilian social housing and correlated with the established categories of analysis. From the results of the analysis, the study develops an architectural prospection that demonstrates, under the design, constructive, technological, economic-financial and management aspects, the feasibility for those who produce, and the accessibility for those who acquire a dwelling produced under the principles of open architecture (Open Building). Based on the distinction between the levels of decision-making, collective (support) and individual (infill), of physical nature, but also social and political, and advocated by the Supports Theory, the open architecture proposal solves, at once and in an interdependent way, the problematic of the negative double initially highlighted.