A incapacidade do esquecimento: uma leitura do ressentimento no domínio político

Abstract

In the present work, we aim to approach the discursivization of resentment from the perspective of argumentation in discourse, using texts related to the elections of the year 2018, when political polarization in Brazil presented one of its most significant moments in the recent history of the country. country, establishing a rigid differentiation between an us and a them, which has always been a danger to the exercise of democracy. Therefore, we seek to theoretically understand which elements, in addition to emotions, make up resentment, making it possible for it to be used as a constituent of arguments in which one group does not dialogue with the other because it is averse to their beliefs, but uses both the characteristics of the latter and the other. of his statements in order to argue about him, attacking him. In order to analyze the way in which the speaker argues about himself and his group, doing the same in relation to the other, we organize a corpus formed by texts written immediately after the result of the 2018 second round elections, which are constituted by diversified genres, from which we extract excerpts analyzed separately and in contrast. We believe that resentment, as a constellation of emotions, composes the speeches, exerting greater or lesser influence according to their communication situation. In order to verify the proposal, we saw as necessary to trace a history of resentment, from its birth as a technical term to the present day, as well as a study of emotions, in general, trying to verify which ones are part of the emotional constellation of resentment. In addition, we believe that an investigation into the meaning of polarization is necessary, seeking to understand whether this phenomenon that differentiates subjects between an us and a them is a result or a provocateur of resentment. We dialogue with authors from different areas of knowledge in order to understand the transdisciplinary concept of resentment. We walk through the different interpretations of this concept, presented by Nietzsche (2009), Scheler (2012), Kehl (2015), Ansart (2004) and Angenot (1997), as well as the dialogism of Bakhtin (2014) and studies on politics and the political, in Arendt (2010b) and Mouffe (2015), as well as by the various authors who work with discursive studies on emotions, such as Plantin (2010; 2011), Charaudeau (2010) and Lima (2006). From these and other authors, we seek to demonstrate how resentment, an emotional constellation often considered imperceptible, can be verified from the marks left in the discourse. We believe that other discourse analysts can, based on this work, take greater steps, which is one of our main aims.