As lesões musculoesqueléticas em praticantes de crossfit: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Crossfit® (CF) is an extreme conditioning training method developed by Greg Glassman in 1995. Most people who start CF seek to improve health and fitness (Montalvo et al., 2017). Tibana et al. (2015) suggest that motivational, challenging and social coexistence among students are factors that attract more practitioners and currently maintains Brazil as the second country with the most certified CF gymnasiums in the world (map.crossfit. with). Due to the increase in CF practitioners in Brazil (Tibana et al., 2015); (CrossfitJournal, 2017); (Dominskiet al., 2018) and the characteristics of the sport to the risk of injury in those who practice it (Hak et al., 2013); (Montalvo et al.., 2016), it is necessary to investigate this theme. In view of this, the objective of this study is to identify and describe through an integrative review of the literature, which are the most common musculoskeletal injuries in CF practitioners and if there is a risk profile for the sport. The search in the databases through the Virtual Health Library (VHL), MEDLINE (International Literature on Health Sciences) via Pubmed and PEDRo (Physioterapy Evidence Data Base) from January to February 2019 generated a total number of 592 articles and , from the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected for the present review. In the included studies, lesion rates in CF ranged from 73.5% to 19% of the sample, the incidence of lesions ranged from 2.1 lesions per 1000 training hours to 3.1 injuries per 1000 practice hours. The shoulder was the region of the body most affected in all studies and the men injured more than the women. Searching for coach supervision and emphasizing the technique is associated with lower injury rates, as well as conducting prior training for beginning participants. However, CF is considered a safe sport for all age groups and presents injury rates similar to other sports. Trainers and health professionals should know the risks for musculoskeletal injuries in this modality and develop preventive actions to improve training and reduce the risk of injury to its practitioners.