A Configuração e o funcionamento do gênero discursivo fotopotoca de Ziraldo

Abstract

The research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative, verifying the configuration and functioning of the language of gender in the magazine Fotopotocas de Ziraldo (FZ). The verification is in the light of Bakhtinian Studies, Social Semiotics, photography, journalism and humor. Fotopotocas (PhotoSham, in English) was previously published as Fotofofocas (PhotoGossip) in a section of the magazine O Cruzeiro. Photos discarded by media outlets were captioned by the journalist and illustrator Ziraldo to provoke laughter. FZ is a multimodal media genre that comments on photographed news events and is configured to induce laughter, while offering critical opinion. The corpus of the magazine is interspersed with 317 photoShams, consisting of journalistic press photographs. Ziraldo applies parody and humor to the captions and in so doing, captures the absurd and comic. We deal with the issue of fictionality in journalism as it is a part of the representation of reality and, therefore, a resource for understanding and criticism. Given the establishment of fiction through humor, the editions of FZ transcend the photojournalistic event and caricatures, to provoke reflection and achieve a social use of journalism. By the light of the Grammar of Visual Design (known by its acronym in Portuguese, GDV), we analyze the multimedia of the gender of FZ, going to its core configuration and function, which are narrative verbal and mental processes that trigger laughter (one of the multimodes): dialog bubbles in the History of Cartoons (HQ) idealize the intentions of the gestures and the expressions of the Characterized Participants (PR), thereby highlighting them and attributing to them, speech and thought. The laughter that structures the photoShams and contributes to the communicative purpose is not naive. However, in a light-hearted fashion, nothing is to be taken too seriously. New intentions of thinking and acting are casually proposed. Upon analyzing the socio-discursive constructions and the representations of women in the editions of FZ, we identify an ideologically conservative bent which indicates power relationships and hegemonies, perpetuating machista and sexist discourses that render women as inferior. The editions of FZ analyzed were produced 100% by men in the years 1963 and 1964. Already practiced globally by journalists and media vehicles, we believe that the genre was even more professionally used by Brazilian journalists, as a counterpoint to fake news. We agree that the sharing of the functioning and the use of the photoShams in the teaching of journalism, beyond just educational purposes, contribute to the critical mediatic literacy. Scientifically, we propose a methodology Enquadramento do corpo na imagem (Fitting the body into the image) for analyzing the body in images.