Estudo qualitativo sobre as percepções de coronariopatas sobre dois modelos de reabilitação cardíaca

Abstract

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multi-component multi-disciplinary care strategy that includes exercise prescription and educational actions, and aims to improve biopsychosocial functions with reductions in cardiac patient morbidity and mortality. Although it has wide benefits it is underused and has high dropout rates. Investigating patients' perceptions of CR can contribute to better understand the needs and expectations of users and contribute to the refinement of the coronary disease care line, aiming at better response to the use of the service with increased adhesion to treatment. In this sense, this master's dissertation aimed to comprehend the perception of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) about their participation in a CR program developed in Brazil, identify the positive and negative aspects of the CR program and explore whether or not patients who received an educational process have different perceptions of CR. This is a qualitative study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Participated in the research coronary heart disease patients referred to the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Service of the Hospital das Clinicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais who completed more than two years ago one of the CR protocols, namely: physical exercise protocol and more comprehensive protocol composed of physical exercises and educational actions in group. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews conducted by a single interviewer and recorded on digital equipment. The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to the thematic content analysis method. A total of 28 subjects were interviewed based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 20 men and 08 women, aged 47 to 74 years (average age 65.71 ± 6.98). Three thematic categories were identified after careful data analysis: knowledge acquisition, improved functionality and psychosocial well-being. This study showed that subjects from both CR protocols realize, in the long term, that treatment develops knowledge about their disease, promotes functional gains and psychosocial well-being, indicating an effective approach to the service with impact and relevance in the lives of coronary artery disease patients. The fact that participants of the exercise protocol, even without participating in formal educational sessions, also identify opportunities for the development of knowledge in CR, suggests that attending CR alone makes it possible to aggregate knowledge through coexistence with health professionals and with patients of different ages. similar health conditions, enabling exchange of experiences and opportunities to resolve doubts.