Prevalência do possível bruxismo do sono em pré-escolares brasileiros: estudo piloto

Abstract

The present pilot study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a methodology that will be used in a representative cross-sectional study on the sleep bruxism (SB) in brazilian preschoolers. This study received approval from Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (protocol # 3,589,079) and was developed in the city of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, between November and December 2019. A total of 36 5-year-old preschoolers participated in the study, enrolled in two public preschools and one private preschool, selected for convenience. Parents/caregivers signed the Informed Consent Form. Preschoolers with complete or mixed primary dentition, present in the selected preschools on the date of the clinical examinations, were included. Exclusion criteria were the use of anticonvulsant medication and the diagnosis of developmental disorders, syndromes and/or neurological disorders. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire about the family's sociodemographic factors and their children's medical history. A questionnaire regarding deleterious oral habits and children's sleep characteristics was also completed, including quality of sleep, frequency of reports of audible teeth during sleep, and reports of snoring and drooling on the pillow. The possible BS was evaluated based on the report of audible sounds and categorized as absent, mild or moderate. The clinical examination was performed by a single dentist who underwent a training and calibration process. In extraoral examination was evaluated lip incompetent, which was considered present when children were unable to keep their lips in contact for 30 seconds or presented contraction of orbicular muscle. The mouth breathing was assessed using the mirror test, which was horizontally positioned below the child’s nose, observing the air outlet when fogging the mirror. The presence of muscular pain was evaluated by palpation of masseter muscle and temporal muscle. When the child was asked to open and close the mouth, it was recorded the presence of clicks in temporomandibular joint and/or deviations. In intraoral examination were examined the presence of buccal mucosa ridging and tongue indentation, in addition to tooth wear due to dental attrition on primary teeth on incisal and occlusal surfaces. A descriptive analysis was performed. The prevalence of possible SB was 30.5%, with possible SB being mild (19.4%) and moderate (11.1%). A total of 51.4% of parents/caregivers reported receiving three or less monthly minimum wages. In addition, 91.7% of the children had good sleep quality, 52.8% snored and 38.9% drooled on the pillow while sleeping. Dental wear due to attrition was identified in 88.9% of children, 22.2% had a habit of biting objects and 19.4% had a habit of biting nails. It was concluded that the methodology outlined was adequate for the proposed data collection and there was no need for adjustments. A high percentage of children showed possible SB, dental wear due to attrition, deleterious oral habits, reports of snoring and drooling on the pillow during sleep, suggesting the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the management of sleep disorders and psychological factors in the pediatric clinical practice