Uma jornada enargeica nos confins da memória: Shoah, de Lanzmann e o dever de transmissão dos retornantes

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the documentary Shoah (1985), directed by the french filmmaker Claude Lanzmann, considering three structural axes: discursive/historiographic, enunciative and argumentative. The starting point for this project is to problematize the slide existing between two deictic expressions: I was there (Ricoeur, 2014) and Me, here and now (Fiorin, 2016), noticing, in this dynamics, the inscription of emotions and the emergence of the rhetorical category of enargeia. For the first axis, the focus is turned on three themes: the conditions of production of the national socialist regime from the linguistic point of view (Faye, 2012) and (Klemperer, 2009); the modes of discursivization of the Holocaust, among which we highlight testimony literature, fictional cinema and documentary filmic discourse; and the relationship between the documentary Shoah and the emotion of melancholy (Freud, 2011). In the second axis – enunciative –, we aim to discuss the inscription of the categories person, time and space, working the triadic division (Hilberg, 2016) – victims, perpetrators and bystanders –, adopted by Lanzmann; besides articulating aspects related to discursive memory and space, unfolded in enunciative (Fiorin, 2016) and (Guimarães, 2018) and geographical (locations). Finally, regarding the argumentative axis, we emphasize the rhetoric in its humanist target, considering it an efficient instrument for democracy, thought by Danblon (2004, 2013), which continues the work developed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014). Still in this axis, the last chapter is focused on the question of emotions (Lima, 2006, 2011, 2016) and (Traverso, 2000), observing the relation between them and the category of enargeia (Rodolpho, 2012) and (Danblon, 2013). To make this writing project feasible, we selected, among the almost tem hours of footage, some passages that are significant for the development of the aforementioned topics.