Tornar-se negro, devir sujeito: uma investigação psicanalítica acerca das reverberações clínicas e políticas do racismo

Abstract

The multiple faces of violence and its impact on the health of populations are manifested and present themselves in the psychic affliction of black people as a result of racism. This phenomenon, even more, discontinues to be treated as an issue singularly of social and economic order and converts into an urgent public health problem in the promotion and protection of citizenship of vulnerable populations. Social movement organizations and public authorities add efforts turned into public policies that intend to reduce inequalities through equity, such as the National Policy for Integral Health of the Black Population. Nevertheless, given the scenario of necropolitics and the expansion of genocide, the structural racism in Brazil supports social exclusion and the violation of rights for the black population, causing damages to the mental health of these people. The main goal of this research was to analyze from the individual and collective narratives to the dimensions, subjective and political, of the sources built by black people that faced the racism violence, using the perspective of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Qualitative research was conducted, based on the analysis of three narratives of experiences, individually and collectively, in which the phenomenon of violence of racism manifested itself clearly, which emerged from the situation of suffering results from it. The writingvivence 1method and its analysis were adopted based on theoretical references of Lacanian philosophy and psychoanalysis that deal with the theme of racism and violence. In the first chapter, it was possible to highlight the structural racism as a phenomenon present in Brazilian society and its impact on the mental health of black people as psychological distress. The second chapter was divided into three parts being that, in the first part, a writingvivence was analyzed and highlighted how the method of how the racist dimension of violence manifests both in the discourse and in the social bond of Mobius strip of the Lacanian topology, and two strategies constructed by subjects of territory based on "becoming black in the world" by Achille Mbembe (2018). In the second part, it was analyzed the writingvivence of a network of militant women-mothers was founded under the name of Mothers Network of Mourning and Fight MG (Rede de Mães de Luto and Luta de MG) which that, in less than a year later, its name was switched to Mothers Network of Fight MG (Rede de Mães de Luta MG), in which it was possible to think of the subjective-political operation implied in the suppression of the meaning of the word “mourning” as a displacement, a turn that made possible the discharge of the pain, facing off the real unspeakable of mourning and pain that is always present, and that can construct other objects of discourses to reduce them. The third part counts on the writingvivence record of a black intellectual militant woman, which was analyzed in the third chapter from the operation of “becoming black”, proposed by Neusa Santos Souza (1983) and from the Lacanian psychoanalysts that worked on the concepts of denomination and violence in their theoretical elaborations. It was possible to highlight that the militancy cannot be discarded, in its function of treatment, for not bringing subjective guarantees, and, likewise, the subjective exit cannot be ruled out for not bringing collective guarantees.