Escolas Classe do Plano Piloto: a escolha do estabelecimento de ensino por famílias do Distrito Federal

Abstract

This dissertation is inserted in the field of Education Sociology and analyses the social phenomenon of school choice by the families of Distrito Federal, seeking to know the social and geographic origin of students from Escolas Classes of Plano Piloto. Considering the socioeconomic reality of Brasília, where Plano Piloto represents an Administrative Region that concentrates income and employment, and taking into account the enrollment policy in the city, which defines as a criteria for the designation of each student's educational establishment the proximity of the school to the guardians' home or work address, it was made the assumption that many families of lower-income workers are looking for spots for their children in public schools in the central region of the capital using their work address, what may be influencing changes in the public composition of Plano Piloto schools. Thus, this research sought to identify and analyze the choice conducts of the Escolas Classe of Plano Piloto by families in the Distrito Federal, investigating the aspects that affect this social phenomenon, as well as its consequences for the subjects involved and for the schools they attend. For this, documents were analyzed on the socio-spatial organization of Brasília and its enrollment policy, in addition to the survey of socioeconomic and educational statistical data, seeking to configure a social and educational panorama of the capital, especially regarding the social composition of the Escolas Classe of Plano Piloto. Interviews were also carried out with 5 education professionals (a representative of the SEDF, two school principals and two pedagogical coordinators), 14 families of two Escolas Classe of Plano Piloto students and 1 resident of a superblock in Plano Piloto (and former teacher at SEDF), aiming to understand the criteria and effects of the act of choosing the educational establishment by families. The results indicate changes in the destination and composition of the public of Escolas Classe of Plano Piloto, considering that the data shows that most students of these educational establishments reside in other Administrative Regions or in cities located around the DF, that is, establishments created to serve a certain social class (children of qualified civil servants residing in Plano Piloto) no longer receive only (or preferentially) this public. In addition, the social character of the conducts of choice of educational establishment by families was evident, considering the variation between the social profile of resident and non-resident families in Plano Piloto and the different strategies for choosing schools adopted by them. The data obtained and its analysis unveiled other factors that have a strong influence on parents' decisions. They are: the enrollment policy practiced by the public education system in Brasília and the consequent form of designating schools to admission candidates; the socio-spatial organization and the characteristics of educational opportunities in Distrito Federal.