Metodologia para gestão de riscos geológico-geotécnicos em áreas urbanas: os casos do Concelho do Porto e Contagem, MG

Abstract

The FMEA - Failure Mode and Effects Analysis methodology is cited in international risk management standards, and with applications already known in dams and industries in general, which, through the analysis of failure modes and their effects, aims to analyze risks before that harmful event materialize. The main objective of this research is to propose and adapt this methodology for landslides risk management within the scope of the Civil Protection of Porto, Portugal, and the Civil Defense of Contagem, Brazil, in order to allow for lesser discrepancies between evaluators and to encourage discussion of risks as a team. To this end, the following activities are proposed: i) definition of the slopes to be evaluated; ii) development of a field sheet for the analysis of hazards and consequences, attributing points to the indices according to their criticality; iii) risk analysis with definition of scenarios, and combination of hazard and consequences results in a matrix and spreadsheet. Eight soil slopes were identified in Porto with different degrees of risk for landslides, and the results indicate the applicability of the FMEA method, especially when associated with the field record with quantitative indices, which minimizes discrepancies in the analyzes and facilitates the choice of preventive actions, mitigating or corrective. The same method was applied in twelve areas at risk of landslides in the Vargem das Flores region in Contagem, and also proved to be applicable. However, it was observed that the adoption of international and national methodologies requires adaptation to the local scale, as well as standardized operating procedures. Thus, three procedures are presented, specifically for: risk monitoring, filling out a field form, and using the FMEA method. As the research has methodological, technical and social objectives within the theme of risk management in urban areas, other products are presented, such as the proposal of a web map for risk communication within the Civil Defense of Contagem.