Adaptação transcultural da Child-Adolescent Perfectionismo Scale (CAPS) para o português brasileiro

Abstract

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait marked by the constant pursuit of high-performance standards associated with excessive demands on one's performance and fear of failure. In Brazil, there is no instrument to assess perfectionism in adolescents. Knowing the association of this construct with negative mental health outcomes in this target audience, this study intends to cross-culturally adapt the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and seeks to investigate evidence of the validity of its internal structure and criteria (with adjustment measures psychological) and reliability. The instrument was translated by three bilingual translators. A synthesis of the three translations generated the first version of the instrument. This version was evaluated by the target audience (adolescents) in a focus group to assess the instrument's intelligibility. This second version, after the focus group, was sent to expert judges. The instrument was backtranslated to English and the author suggested some modifications in at least 50% of the items, which aimed to better portray the content of the original item. These adjustments were made to synthesize the final version of the instrument. Data collection was carried out in public and private schools in Belo Horizonte. 414 adolescents participated, 67.4% (n = 279) female, with a mean age of 15.46 (SD = 1.08) attending the 9th year of elementary school, 1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year of high school. The instruments used were the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), a Brazilian version that is composed of two dimensions: self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism; the Psychological Adjustment Scale and the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) which addresses common psychiatric symptoms (non-psychotic). The main results found show that the CAPS has good content validity estimated by the Fleiss Kappa intra-judge agreement index, with k = 0.67 (satisfactory) and an adequate content validity coefficient (CVC = 0.94). The internal structure of the CAPS was verified by the Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) technique and demonstrated that the dimensionality of the CAPS fits the 2-factor model, with good data fit [χ2 = 583.40; gl = 188; p-value (χ2) <0.001; CFI = 0.931; TLI = 0.915 RMSEA = 0.071 [CI 0.065-0.078], (CFI > 0.90; TLI > 0.90 and RMSEA < 0.08)]. The reliability of the CAPS was estimated by McDonald's Omega and the result was 0.81 for self-oriented perfectionism and 0.76 for socially prescribed perfectionism. Furthermore, from the comparison between independent groups (Student's T-test), it was pointed out that girls have more perfectionism than boys (self-oriented and socially prescribed) and perfectionism (self-oriented and socially prescribed) distinguishes groups with high psychiatric symptoms common and low common psychiatric symptoms. Partial correlation analyses, controlling for the mutual effects of one perfectionism dimension over the other, pointed to significant associations between socially prescribed perfectionism and anxiety (r = 0.44 p < 0.01), anxiety control (r = -0, 30 p < 0.01), depressed mood (r = 0.51 p < 0.01), subjective well-being (r = -0.43 p < 0.01), thinking rumination (r = 0.46 p< 0.01) and common psychiatric symptoms (r = 0.45 p < 0.01). There was no correlation with compulsive behavior (r = 0.04 [ns].). Socially prescribed perfectionism configures itself as a dimension more associated with mental suffering and worries. Self-oriented perfectionism showed significant correlations only with compulsive behaviors (r = 0.56 p < 0.001). Finally, the CAPS-BR has good psychometric properties of validity and reliability.