Influência da quantidade de regras orientadas para a marcação em bloco alto no comportamento e desempenho táticos de jogadores de futebol durante pequenos jogos

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the tactical behavior and performance of soccer players during small-sided games (SSG) with different number of rules and to investigate the influence of high-pressing oriented rules on tactical behavior during small-sided games in soccer. Thirty-two athletes from the under 20 category (18.2 ± 1.2 years) from two clubs participated. Athletes participated in four SSG protocols: R1 – explicit rule for high-pressing, R2 – implicit rule for high-pressing, R3 – game with the two previous rules simultaneously and RL – free game, without additional rules. SSG were played in the 4 vs. 4 format, on a 42m x 29m playing field, and all official rules of the formal game were maintained. For the evaluation of individual tactical behavior and performance, based on fundamental tactical principles, the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer was used. To assess the tactical behavior from positional data, Global Positioning System devices were used. Data were reported as means and standard deviations and the statistical analysis started with the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the normality of the data. For the variables that met the normality assumption, a MANOVA was used and for the variables that did not meet this assumption, the Friedman test with Dunn's or Bonferroni post hoc was used. For the individual variable SEI, an ANOVA was used, with post hoc Bonferroni. MANOVA showed that there was an effect of changing the rule on tactical behavior (p< 0.001). The post-hocs showed that there was a difference for the offensive space principle without the ball in the R1 protocol in relation to the other protocols (p= 0.009), of the principle of offensive coverage in the RL protocol in relation to the others (p< 0.001), of the mobility principle in the R1 and R2 protocols in relation to the R3 and RL protocols (p< 0.001), of the defensive balance principle in the R1 protocol compared to the RL (p= 0.035) and of the defensive unit principle in the R2 protocol in relation to the others (p= 0.001). There was no effect of changing the rule on the overall tactical performance (p=0.13). There was also a significant difference for depth, width and LpWratio in the R1 protocol compared to the RL protocol (p=0.009). For the distance between centroids, there were no statistical differences (p= 0.14). Also, for the SEI, ANOVA indicated the effect of the different protocols (p< 0.001). For displacements in depth, the multivariate ANOVAs showed that there was an effect of the rule on the synchronization of coordination movements in the anti phase moments of the R1 protocol in relation to the R2 and RL protocols (p= 0.005) and at moments in phase of protocols R1 and R2 in relation to protocols R3 and RL (p< 0.001).There was no effect of changing the rule for displacements in width, suggesting that this fact was probably due to the restrictive influence of the location of the goals. It is concluded that the PJ with the highest number of constraints in the task may reflect in a lesser space exploration by the athletes and that the rule that stimulated the high-pressing explicitly may have influenced the attacking players to seek space options in depth to overcome the marking imposed by the opponent. However, the adoption of simultaneous rules did not influence the tactical performance of the players and the distance between the centroids of the teams did not present statistical differences between the four protocols.