Associação entre bruxismo do sono e em vigília e erupção dentária: estudo transversal

Abstract

The very first childhood is the period from pregnancy to three years of life, being an important period for development and characterized by the absence of a complete dentition and consequent mandibular instability, which can lead to bruxism behavior. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the influence of the number of teeth present in the dental arch on the severity of possible sleep bruxism (PSB) or awake bruxism (PAB) in children under three years, as well as identify their prevalence and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 144 children from four to 36 months of age participating in the preventive and educational program of the pediatric dentistry center (Bebê Clínica) of Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina-Brazil, health and non-syndromic and who did not use continuous anticonvulsants. Responsibles answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, reported the presence and frequency of PBS and PBV, sleep characteristics, chronotype, energy level, oral habits and type of breastfeeding that the children received until six months of age. The number of teeth was verified through clinical examination by a previously calibrated resident dentist and recorded on an odontogram. The presence of PSB and PAB was recorded by the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index. Brazilian scale Circadian Eneegy Scale was used to measure the chronotype profile and energy levels through the day. Numerical variables were described using median and interquartile range and categorical variables were described using frequency and percentage. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Mann- Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and a multinomial logistic regression model was constructed and adjusted to describe the chances of children having bruxism based on the number of erupted teeth with significance level of 95%. The median age was 26.0 (14,5-32,0) months, with the majority being girls (56.3%). The prevalence of PSB was 19.5% and 16.7% of PAB. The severity of PSB was higher in those children who snored (p = 0,004), sleeped with mouth open (p = 0,006) and had restless sleep (p = 0,010), while children that snored and drooled in their sleep presented higher severity of PAB (p = 0,001 and p = 0,006, respetivelly). The distribution of total teeth was greater in children with moderate PSB than in those without PSB (p=0.012) and with severe PSB (p=0.006). Those with moderate PAB also had more teeth than those with severe PAB (p=0.046). For each erupted tooth, the odds of moderate PSB increased by 3.3 times and of severe PAB decreased by 11.4%. Conclusion: the number of erupted teeth influenced the severity of bruxism.