A patrimonialização da paisagem da Serra da Capivara-PI

Abstract

In this study we indicate the meeting of four fields involved in the proposed theme: history, cultural heritage, archeological science and environmental protection. Necessary meeting to treat the landscape and archaeological sites and understand their conceptions and practices, taking as a case study the Serra da Capivara’s patrimonialization. We used geography and history to study the history of the Serra da Capivara National Park (PARNA SC) and the historical background of human occupation in the region. The review of scientific literature and documentary sources - IPHAN and ICMBIO protection and administrative processes, UNESCO documents, printed, audiovisual reports - plus an oral source composes a mosaic on physical changes and different perceptions of the Serra da Capivara landscape. Our section welcomes the testimony of people involved, directly and indirectly, with PARNA SC, for their relationship of housing, work, belonging, neighborhood, scientific research, professional practice and tourism. The reports concerning this landscape, today uninhabited and protected by the State, made by former residents and neighbors together with the researchers' views help us to understand the uniqueness of this place. In a broader approach, we highlight the meanings attributed to the landscape in the Brazilian heritage narratives since the institution of heritage preservation. In a restrict approach to the theme, we study the narratives used in the protection and management of Serra da Capivara. Bibliographic review and analysis of the heritage narratives in public documents, anchored by polysemic notion of landscape, allow us to observe a tension between two lines of argument. On the one hand, the perspective that considers the human bein integrated with nature as an interactive element and, on the other, the perspective that considers the human being detached from nature. The interpretation of landscape in documents related to the national and international protection of heritage reveals the permanence of ambiguities. The use of the nature/culture binomial as the foundation of texts needs to be overcome.