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Type:	Artigo de Periódico
Title:	Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016
Authors:	Mohsen Naghavi Khurshid Alam Tuomo J. Meretoja Haftay Berhane Mezgebe Ted R. Miller Shafiu Mohammed Maziar Moradi-lakeh Rintaro Mori Devina Nand Cuong Tat Nguyen Quyen le Nguyen Suliman a. Alghnam Neal d. Futran Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot Reyna Alma Gutiérrez Molly Miller-petrie Nima Hafezi-nejad Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli Gessessew Bugssa Hailu Josep Maria Haro Hamid Yimam Hassen Joseph S. Salama Caitlin Hawley Felix Akpojene Ogbo Delia Hendrie Martha Híjar Guoqing hu Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour Mihajlo Jakovljevic Spencer l. James Sudha Jayaraman Juan Sanabria Jost b. Jonas Amaha Kahsay Andrew t. Olagunju Amir Kasaeian Peter Njenga Keiyoro Yousef Khader Ibrahim a. Khalil Young-ho Khang Nadia Akseer Jagdish Khubchandani Olatunde Aremu Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri Christian Kieling Yun Jin Kim George c. Patton Soewarta Kosen Kristopher j. Krohn g. Anil Kumar Faris Hasan Lami Van c. Lansingh Heidi Jane Larson Milena m. Santric Milicevic Rajaa m. Al-raddadi Shai Linn Raimundas Lunevicius Hassan Magdy Abd el Razek Michael r. Phillips Muhammed Magdy Abd el Razek Reza Malekzadeh Deborah Carvalho Malta Amanda j. Mason-jones Richard Matzopoulos Rodrigo Sarmiento-suárez Peter t. n. Memiah Walter Mendoza Félix Carvalho Suzanne Polinder Farshad Pourmalek Mostafa Qorbani Afarin Rahimi-movaghar Vafa Rahimi-movaghar Mahfuzar Rahman Carl Abelardo t. Antonio Benn Sartorius Rajesh Kumar Rai Chhabi Lal Ranabhat David Laith Rawaf Salman Rawaf Ali Rowhani-rahbar Mahdi Safdarian Saeid Safiri Rajesh Sagar Maheswar Satpathy David c. Schwebel Soraya Seedat Sadaf g. Sepanlou Diego de Leo Masood Ali Shaikh Nigussie Tadesse Sharew Ivy Shiue Amit Arora Jasvinder a. Singh Mekonnen Sisay Vegard Skirbekk Adauto Martins Soares Filho Dan j. Stein Mark Andrew Stokes Katya Anne Shackelford Mu?awiyyah Babale Sufiyan Mamta Swaroop Bryan l. Sykes Rafael Tabarés-seisdedos Mohsen Asadi-lari Fentaw Tadese Bach Xuan Tran Tung Thanh Tran Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja Tommi Juhani Vasankari Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne Vasily Vlassov Andrea Werdecker Pengpeng ye Paul Yip Naohiro Yonemoto Reza Assadi Mustafa z. Younis Zoubida Zaidi Maysaa el Sayed Zaki Simon i. Hay Eric l. Ding Stephen s. Lim Alan d. Lopez Ali h. Mokdad Theo Vos Christopher j. l. Murray Tesfay Mehari Atey Leticia Avila-burgos Ashish Awasthi Laurie b. Marczak Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla Huyen Phuc do Suzanne Lyn Barker-collo Till Winfried Bärnighausen Shahrzad Bazargan-hejazi Masoud Behzadifar Meysam Behzadifar James r. Bennett Ashish Bhalla Zulfiqar a. Bhutta Arebu Issa Bilal Michael Kutz David Teye Doku Guilherme Borges Rohan Borschmann Alexandra Brazinova Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon Carlos a. Castañeda-orjuela Lalit Dandona Rakhi Dandona Paul i. Dargan Kerrie e. Doyle Tim Robert Driscoll Dumessa Edessa Ziad El-khatib Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum Aman Yesuf Endries Alireza Esteghamati Megha Arora Andre Faro Farshad Farzadfar Valery l. Feigin Florian Fischer Kyle j. Foreman Richard Charles Franklin Nancy Fullman
Abstract:	IMPORTANCE Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. EXPOSURES Firearm ownership and access. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. RESULTS Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI],195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95% UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95% UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95% UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95% UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (−0.2% [95% UI, −0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95% UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.
Subject:	Armas de fogo Violência com Arma de Fogo Suicídio Violência
language:	eng
metadata.dc.publisher.country:	Brasil
Publisher:	Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Publisher Initials:	UFMG
metadata.dc.publisher.department:	ENF - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM MATERNO INFANTIL E SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Rights:	Acesso Aberto
metadata.dc.identifier.doi:	10.1001/jama.2018.10060
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/1843/52620
Issue Date:	2018
metadata.dc.url.externa:	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2698492
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof:	JAMA
Appears in Collections:	Artigo de Periódico

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