Padrão das prescrições odontológicas de antibióticos dispensados no Sistema Único de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Antibiotics, along with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, are the most commonly used medications in dentistry. The prescription of antibiotics by dental surgeons happens all over the world, and the irrational use of these drugs can result in therapeutic failure, increased risk of adverse reactions and economic impact, besides being the main cause of antimicrobial resistance. The literature points out that pain of dental origin is rarely caused by a bacterial infection requiring antibiotic medication and is usually best managed with the use of analgesics and local dental procedures. The results of surveys conducted in England and Canada suggest that antibiotic prescriptions by dental surgeons are increasing alarmingly. It is also known that the pattern of antibiotic prescribing can be influenced by both clinical and non clinical factors. In this sense, generating information on antibiotic consumption is essential for countries to adopt measures to raise awareness among the population and health professionals about the appropriate use of these drugs, monitor the impact of interventions, and improve the process of acquiring, prescribing, and dispensing these drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association between dental antibiotic prescriptions in the public sector of a southeastern Brazilian state, health services characteristics, and municipal social characteristics. The study design was of the ecological type, the year analyzed was 2017, and the data were obtained from the database of the Integrated Pharmaceutical Assistance Management System. The outcome variable of the first article of this PhD Thesis was the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants/year of the municipalities. The outcome variable of the second article was the municipalities' adherence to a dental prescription information system. The database was analyzed initially in Excel version 2016 program (Microsoft, Seattle, USA) and later in SPSS version 25.0 program (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY, USA). The CART (Classification And Regression Tree) technique was used to determine the influence of the social characteristics of the municipalities (Human Development Index, Gini Index, proportion of rural population, proportion of beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Program, rural/urban typology, whether or not the municipality is the headquarters of a Dental Specialties Center, seat of a Health Macro-region and Microregion) and the characteristics of oral health services (oral health coverage in the Family Health Strategy and Primary Health Care, population coverage of first dental consultation, number of dentists and oral health teams per 1000 inhabitants, and percentage of individual preventive and restorative dental procedures). Antibiotics were the most prescribed drugs by dental surgeons in the public sector surveyed, with penicillins being the most prescribed group. The overall average of DDD/1000hab/year, for the 421 municipalities surveyed, was 96.54. It was concluded that socioeconomic factors and organization of health services were associated with the use of antibiotics. There is a need for advances in the surveillance of antibiotic prescribing in public oral health services in the state of Minas Gerais