Para onde vamos? Um caso da organização coletiva de motoristas para além do cooperativismo de plataforma

Abstract

This dissertation aims to comprehend the development of the organizational practices of the platform drivers cooperative in Varginha (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Using a qualitative approach, a case study was conducted, employing the observation of a WhatApp group from the cooperative and semi-structured interviews with 12 cooperative drivers. The reflective thematic analysis allowed data interpretation, and the construction of a narrative of the cooperative’s organizational practices. Results highlighted the collective organization of labor as an answer to the common dynamic imposed by digital platforms of attracting drivers with low rates, making them dependent on and then deteriorating the work conditions. The hierarchical algorithm-based management – characteristic of uberism – is identified as the imposition of rules by digital platforms, establishing asymmetries among corporations and drivers. The results call attention to the need of understanding the algorithms of platforms as molded by capitalist interests, with maximization of profits rising over the drivers’ labor. It is suggested that the cooperative presents a continuity on the tradition of resistance of popular cooperativism. The process of establishment of the cooperative highlights normative challenges, calling forth the importance of balance between understanding the organization’s nature and its formalization. The collective management, although it is recognized as able of self-management, is contextualized as a heterodox experiment. The crucial role of WhatApp on the communication, collaboration and solidarity among drivers is evident. The research points to the technological and dependency-related challenges presented, emphasizing the duality between autonomy and dependence of drivers. The implementation of a new app is awaited expectantly, because it may influence the transition of submission to autonomy, although the delay generates frustration and affects labor organization. In regard to terminology, the research questions the adequacy of the term platform cooperativism, proposing the use of Collective and Popular Organizations of Platform Work to reach initiatives on supporting and incentivizing the Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives (OCB) and potential benefits that may come from strengthening by the National Secretary of Solidary Economy (SENAES). Furthermore, the importance of initiatives like partnerships with Technological Incubators of Popular Cooperatives (ITCPs) is highlighted, and the need for political action turned towards these organizations, recognizing them as experiences that are not finished, but open and complex experiences.