Potencialidades do reuso de esgoto doméstico tratado em estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE)

Abstract

Minas Gerais is a very privileged state, encompassing four important hydrographic regions: São Francisco, Paraná, East Atlantic and Southeast Atlantic. As such, it has an important role in the management of the country’s water resources. It should be noted that the inappropriate use of these water resources has contributed to their scarcity. Therefore, the practice of reusing treated effluent is considered a possibility to mitigate water scarcity, especially in agriculture, one of the sectors that consumes the most water collected from springs. In the face of this scenario, the objective of this research was to conduct a review on the possibilities of reusing domestic sewage treated in the sewage treatment plants (STPs). The work is based on bibliographic research, in the search for data on parameters, standards and guidelines for the release and reuse of effluents, according to the current legislation. For such, selection criteria such as federal, state and municipal legislation on reuse were used, in addition to articles that dealt with the experiences of other authors. To benefit from this product and be able to implement reuse systems, the producer must register with the responsible agency – Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (IGAM) and the effluent for reuse must comply with the Normative Deliberation – DN CERH-MG No. 65/2020, which regulates the direct reuse of non-potable water from public and private STPs. The types of treatment used in STPs and the proper municipal, state and federal legislation that must be followed for the reuse of treated effluent must also be investigated. It is concluded that the effluent treated in the STPs can be used for reuse in urban, environmental, agroforestry and industrial activities, as long as it complies with the legislation, and this reuse represents a way to mitigate environmental impacts and water scarcity caused to bodies of water.