Gestão sustentável de águas pluviais em ruas: uma abordagem paramétrica para a drenagem urbana

Abstract

With the rapid increase in urban populations, cities have grown rapidly and unplanned, impacting the climate as they transform the natural cycles of the environment, causing environmental, social and economic imbalances. New proposals to address these imbalances, inspired by the functioning of nature and the consequent restoration of its natural cycles, can be adopted. From a focus on the water cycle in urban areas, sustainable rainwater management and sustainable strategies for street drainage stand out. In view of this, and considering the challenges faced within the scope of Brazilian public policies for the adoption of these measures, the study aimed to develop a simplified method, to be applied in the Preliminary Study phase of urban projects, to deal with water in streets. In order to help alleviate the pressure that the existing drainage system receives during the rainy season, a parametric model was created to provide conditions for analyzing the possibilities of implementing sustainable strategies, or compensatory solutions, for rainwater drainage in streets, based on the principles of Nature-Based Solutions aligned with the concept of Water Sensitive Urban Design. By applying Computational Thinking as a problem-solving method, it was possible to understand the relationship between the elements that make up an urban street, as well as to relate these elements to the possibility of occurrence of the sustainable strategies indicated as suitable for implementation in streets. Thus, working with Grasshopper as a parametric algorithmic modeling tool, it was possible to build the desired model. Adopting the city block as the limiting unit of analysis, the methodology presented resulted in the construction of an algorithm that supports the design of public roads. Hosted on the Shape Diver platform, the developed model can be accessed by any internet user through a link. As next steps, it is expected that the model can be applied in small locations as a way of testing its efficiency, as well as verifying possible adjustments that may be necessary. Furthermore, the algorithm will be registered at INPI by CTIT (Coordination of Technological Transfer and Innovation) from UFMG.