Impacto do tratamento estético na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de uma criança com amelogênese imperfeita: relato de caso clínico

Abstract

Generalized Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary dental disorder characterized by defective enamel formation, resulting in fragile teeth, abnormal coloration, increased susceptibility to caries, severe sensitivity, and impaired masticatory function. These clinical manifestations can significantly affect a child's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), encompassing both functional and psychosocial aspects. This study presents the clinical case of a ten-year-old female diagnosed with generalized AI. The objective was to describe the dental treatment performed and evaluate its impact on the patient’s OHRQoL. A comprehensive and patient-centered approach was adopted, focusing not only on oral function and health but also on aesthetics and the child’s subjective perception of well-being. The treatment plan involved multiple restorative procedures to improve both the function and appearance of the affected teeth. Direct composite resin veneers were fabricated for the permanent upper and lower incisors, canines, and first premolars. High-viscosity glass ionomer cement was used for selected restorations, and orthodontic bands were placed for stabilization. Additionally, composite resin table tops were applied to the upper and lower first permanent molars to restore occlusal function. To assess the impact of the treatment on the child's quality of life, the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) was administered at three different time points: before treatment, during treatment (after completing the upper arch veneers), and after completing all dental procedures. The total score was 21 points before treatment, indicating a high negative impact on OHRQoL. During treatment, the score dropped to 13 points, and after completion, it further decreased to 10 points, reflecting a clear improvement in the patient’s self-perceived oral health. The results demonstrated that the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation had a positive effect on the child’s OHRQoL. Beyond improving dental appearance, the treatment contributed to enhanced chewing efficiency, reduced sensitivity, and increased self-esteem, all of which are essential to the overall well- being of pediatric patients. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and individualized, multidisciplinary treatment for children with AI. Interventions that address both physical and emotional needs can significantly improve a child’s quality of life and development.