Principais causas de trauma perinal na assistência ao parto vaginal em uma maternida pública de Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais

Abstract

During a vaginal birth, most women undergo some type of injury perineal lacerations caused by spontaneous or as a consequence of a surgical incision called an episiotomy. The present study aims to identify the frequency of perineal injuries occurring during vaginal birth and examine the association between perineal trauma with maternal age, primiparity, epidural analgesia, birthing position, use of oxytocin, forceps, fetal weight and , thus contributing to the prevention of further knowledge and factors related to the occurrence of perineal lacerations during birth. It is a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Maternity Hospital Sofia Feldman BH-MG through the analysis of the database in this institution, summarizing data CLAP-Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development. The sample was composed of the medical records of women who underwent vaginal delivery at the institution during the period April to July 2011. The results show that the rate of episiotomy is practiced by 5.2%, is below that recommended by the Ministry of Health. The percentage of spontaneous lacerations is 47.7% and a laceration of the high school the most prevalent, with 32.8% of cases. The percentage of intact perineum is 32.4%. The selective episiotomy is really happening and the teenager's first calf and prevalence of perineal laceration and integrate a high school. The birthing position is frequently used supine position, seen in 54.2% of cases and is also the one with lower rates of severe injury. The squatting position is related to higher rates of lacerations. The regional analgesia, the use of oxytocin and forceps increased the risk of severe lacerations. We concluded in our study that the service is considered a low frequency of episiotomy, a prevalence of spontaneous lacerations 1st degree and perineum intact, which indicates good service delivery.