A questão do estatuto ôntico-ontológico do ser-aí no "Ser e tempo" de Martin Heidegger

Abstract

Any question about the being refers first to the being that asks the question. Such a question, therefore, refers first of all to the being of the asker. Thus, we can say that all questions come from the Dasein and must necessarily return to it. To understand the world and whatever exists in it is a characteristic of Dasein, which is based on its being-in-the-world. The world is not a place where the being in question simply lives among other beings. The world is an essential , i. e., a constitutive part of Dasein. Being onto-the-world is the way of existing that characterizes this entity so that, in this case, being onto the world and existing are the same thing. Dasein is in the world as an actualexistence; it is the entity whose essence is the existance itself.The structure of Dasein is both open and dynamic; and its constitutive elements, rather than being the mere addition of their characteristics, povide-each one in its own dimension - for the full constituition of Dasein. Heidegger, in his work "Being and Time" presents a list of some elements that constitute the "there" of Dasein, all of them viewed from their onthic-onthological dimension, just because the existential analysis is based on the inter-relationship of these two dimensions. Thus,affection, understanding-interpretation, discourse, chatting, curiosity and ambiguity are the basic elements that form the structure of the so called "there" of Dasein. To present the onthic-onthological statute of Dasein means to fully understand this entity entirely . To investigate an entity whose being defines itself by a open structure, does not onlyrequire that the specificity of its structural elements be taken into consideration, but also that it (the entity) must be considered as an open totality. In the above-mentioned work, Heidegger proposesthe concept of "cura", as the structural entirety of the being of Dasein. Of Course, he follows a very peculiar way to arrive at this understanding, but in relation to the investigation in question, it was the existential phenomenon of anguish that led him towards this conclusion.Although "cura" reveals Dasein in its structural totality, it does not represent a previous condition for the understanding of this entity in the totality of its being. After considering the matter for quite a long time, it has been found that the anticipated decision is the full expression of thetotality required. This becomes quite clear when the study on temporality reveals that that was the meaning of "cura". In this case, everything becomes clear when we understand not only why Daseinis finite in its essence - its existence is charaterized by the historical dimension, but also that the onthic-onthological organicity of this entity is seen as a opening onto being.