O estado entre o incentivo ao crescimento econômico e o combate à desigualdade no século XXI

Abstract

We live in a moment of global economy reconstruction, since it has suffered a recent shock, compared only to the crisis of 1929. Inherent of a post crisis, it is time to analyse the foundations of the actual economical system, the capitalism. With the help of a historical retrospective, rises strongly from the analysis, the ills driven by the capitalism, that overshadow all the development benefits gained with its adoption. In this witch hunting process, two key points from capitalism are revealed, that is its cyclical characteristic, which alternates times of progress and times of crisis, and its potential to increase inequality (with all the social impacts). Both negative characteristics can bring pain and suffer to the whole world population. At the epicentre of all this discussion, it has always been the State, which is compelled constitutionally to act, time for the ones who suffer, time for the free economic relations. Nowadays, this problem has become even more complex due to the financialization, which implies, necessarily, in opening the Economy to the global marketplace. The State, more than ever, needs to worry with its internal and external environment. After almost three centuries, this doctrine has not been able to reach a balance point with respect to the necessary and essential action of the State in the Economy, in a way that ensures the economic development and preserves the fundamental rights of the ones under its protection. New ideas and re-reading of formal theories bubbles in the academic world, in continuous search for the correction of the problems described. It is necessary then to do a historical analysis of all the modern economic cycle to comprehend the state of art and, afterwards, analyse those that are more manageable for the equilibrium of economic development and equality.