Importância do fenótipo periodontal em implantodontia

Abstract

The presence of a healthy gum tissue around dental implants with adequate range of keratinized tissue, is considered as a key factor not only for aesthetics, but especially for the long-term success. To describe the changes in gingival architecture, including thickness and width of the buccal gingival band, has been proposed the term periodontal phenotype. This can be classified into thick and thin. The thick phenotype is characterized by a flat architecture of the soft tissue and bone, fibrous soft tissue broadband inserted gums, underlying bone thick and resistant to mechanical trauma. But the thin phenotype is characterized by scalloped architecture of soft tissue and bone, crispy and delicate soft tissue, narrow band of attached gingiva, thin underlying bone characterized by fenestration and dehiscence. This paper aims to review the literature on the importance of periodontal phenotype for implantology, from planning to proservation of the restorative work. The periodontal phenotype is important for Implantology when considering the different responses they have and also the influence they exert in different clinical situations such as tooth extractions, alveolar regeneration procedures, sinus lift procedure, as well as in response to peri-implantitis. The authors concluded that clinicians should evaluate and classify the periodontal phenotype of the area to be treated previously, since the knowledge of periodontal phenotype is important for the planning and execution of implant treatment by increasing the predictability of results.