Análise da reinfecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni entre escolares com idade de 5 a 15 anos em área endêmica Vale do Jequitinhonha MG

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world and is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Currently the most commonly used measure for controlling the condition is chemotherapy. However, after the treatment, the individuals become infected again. It is well known that there is a close relationship between demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in the dynamics of schistosomias is transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni in school children aged 5-15 years. Participants were 407 children and adolescents infected with S. mansoni and residents in the municipality of Ponto dos Volantes, and the communities of Palha, Astraluta, Caju and Córrego São João, all of which are endemic areas for schistosomiasis. At baseline, all subjects were treated with Praziquantel, responded to socioeconomic and water contact questionnaires. The geographical coordinates of all houses were collected. One year after the treatment another faecal exam was performed to evaluate reinfection rates. The results showed a reinfection rate of 21.6%. The multivariate model showed that parasite load before treatment (p < 0.001) and lack of treated water supply (p = 0.010) remained associated to reinfection. Spatial analys is showed that in all areas studied reinfection occurred heterogeneously. It is concluded that the reinfection rate is worrisome and having high intensity of infection before treatment and leaving in areas with no treated water were considered the main risk factors to re-infection with S. mansoni.