Avaliação das atividades de controle da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Sabará, Minas Gerais, 1995 a 2000.

Abstract

This study was conducted in the municipality of Sabara, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), with the purpose of analyzing the data from AVL Control Program conducted during the period 1995 to 2000 as a way of better understanding the transmission dynamics disease in urban areas, and aimed to: a) analyze the results of serological diagnosis canine b) establish the prevalence and incidence; c) to evaluate the times demanded by actions to control the animal reservoir, d) to evaluate the replacement canine in households surveyed and the positivity rate for these animals, e) evaluate the removal of the animal reservoir, f) establishing a cohort to determine the likelihood of seroconversion and its predictors. Survey data were stored in canine census database EPI INFO 6.04, totaling 23,571 records collections. The consolidation of these samples, according to the animal examined, corresponding to a total of 13,042 dogs. The surveys were conducted with an average interval of 10.8 months and each was given a high percentage of entry of animals, corresponding to an average of 49%, which showed a rapid replacement dogs site. These new animals in the period examined, the average positivity of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was 4.2%. Young animals showed, in each collection, less risk of seroconversion compared with those who had collected earlier. The prevalence rate established for the first survey was 5.7 cases per 100 dogs and the overall average for the period studied was 5.5 cases/100 dog. The evaluation of defendants time to control the animal reservoir obtained showed a shorter time of 30 days between the collection of animal euthanasia and reactive. A significant percentage of the dog population studied presented only one collection (62.1%). The cohort was established for those animals that had at least two samples resulting in a total of 4,930 dogs. The number of animals per household showed large variations, with the highest percentage in the range of two to six dogs. Follow-up ranged from 1.3 to 67.6 months, average 27.6 months. The statistical technique of survival analysis was used to assess the risk of seroconversion of the cohort animals. This risk was different between the districts that comprise the study area indicating a spatial heterogeneity in transmission, regardless of the occurrence of human cases. The covariate "number of animals at home" was not a risk factor for seroconversion. The canine cohort virtually vanished during the follow-up time, regardless of control of AVL developed and there is an average life expectancy of a dog, in urban areas, approximately four to five years. The knowledge gained about the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of canine AVL in this study will provide more effective control strategies.