Memórias de professores/as de educação física sobre formação e práticas pedagógicas (1950 à 1970)

Abstract

The present study has elaborated and analysed the memories from teachers of physical education teachers that have worked in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the middle 20th century. The aim was to follow the evidence of familiar, social, and professional formation and teacher work of ten teachers of that discipline, through a movement of profound political interventions (decades of 1950, 1960 and 1970). In that movement, we were interested in giving voice to the professionals that in their anonymous daily life have thought on, organized and implemented actions and pedagogical practices that have circulated and/or constructed representations of Physical Education and Sports. It was also important to observe and problematize the evidences of formation (familiar, social and professional) that could have or not influenced the possible pedagogical interventions. For such, it was indispensable to identify, through the memories of the teachers, the evidences of the social and cultural ambience, the material, structural and political conditions of training and professional actuation. In order to elaborate such memories, we have used the Oral History methodology, understanding it not only as the interview moment, but as a set of procedures and pervades the election of the respondents colony, the legal/ethical forms, the interview questionnaire, the local, the recording technical device, the transcription techniques, the theoretical grounding of analyse and the devolution of the results to the teachers and academic community. Other sources have been analyzed, as the didactical material donated by a professor which was part of her professional training. Among those sources, we were interested in identifying didactical models of professional intervention, as well as in the contents that have circulated in the academic milieu at the time. As we investigated the remembrances of those professors it was possible to think and problematize the interlacement of the life stories of the teachers, the policies of the federal government for the area and the social and cultural ambience of the period. In synthesis, the memories of those professors allowed for us thinking that the movement of sportivization of the social practices of the capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, as well as the countryside cities (Lavras, Moeda, São João Delrey and Carating), was already in full development at the decade of 1950. The professional training in Physical Education at the decades of 1950 and 1960 would have been precarious, empirical, sexist and militarized. Despite the reports of the contents of Recreation and Dance (for the girls), the unique curricula of the formation course in Minas Gerais would have gone under several types of sportivizations. The reminiscences evinced pedagogical practices that have reinforced a given hierarchical professional tradition of sexist and callisthenic practices, as well as the introduction of sportive content. To a lesser extent, we have also observed evidences of Professional actions that stimulated the encounter between the sexes, the fight for equality rights, the plurality of contents, the approximation with the local community. The study of the memories allowed for us thinking that human experience, being so singular and unique, cannot bear simplist generalizations schematizations