Estudo da degradação energética em tubulações industriais

Abstract

At REGAP, boiler feed water with high pressure is delivered from pumps 121-P- 01A/B/C/D, located at Utilities Unit, for various utilities clients within the refinery: boilers F-121-01A/B/ C, boilers 103-E-01, the steam generator 209-V-03 and furnace 52-F-01A/B. These customers are spread over a vast area and have a range of demands of pressure. To be able to serve all the customers, the U-121 pumps pressurize water to 92kgf/cm2, being necessary pressure drop at the entrance of the equipment which receives this fluid. In this context, the system described above was studied in order to determine what should be the pressure in the discharge of these pumps, able to serve all customers with the least possible energy degradation. Furthermore, it was determined which should be the values of pressure and flow applied when two new units, which is still building, come into operation. To achieve all these values, we made a detailed survey data, in which it was obtained, among other information, the equivalent length of each pipe, the initial and final levations of each line, the head losses in equipment and instruments intermediaries. The process informations provides a mass balance in the whole system and determined wich values the volumetric flow and velocity should be. Subsequently, was calculated the Reynolds number and the head losses into the pipes. Finally, it was determined that the pressure at the discharge pumps could be 83kgf/cm2 (5% higher than necessary) and, to reach this value should be changed from the perations point of the system, either by reducing the motors rotation or by reducing the rotors diameter.