Terapia fotodinâmica: uma alternativa antimicrobiana coadjuvante no tratamento periodontal

Abstract

Periodontal disease is an infectious bacterial disease that affects the periodontal tissues may result in progressive loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone and progress to tooth loss. Removal of the biofilm and the mineralized deposits from the tooth surface are crucial aspects for successful periodontal therapy, but often the mechanical therapy is not able to eliminate the presence of pathogens dueto the ability of some microorganisms invade the inner tissues and /or areas of difficult access to periodontal instruments .Sometimes, alternative adjuvant are needed to complement the treatment, as antibiotics and antiseptics. However, the use of these agents can lead to bacterial resistance and adverse events. Faced with these problems, approaches that are efficient, accessible, applicable and which arenot resistant to antibiotics are urgently needed. Today the application of light (laser or LED) arrived as a more promising field in conventional periodontal therapy. When the light in a specific wavelength is used in conjunction with a photosensitizer, which leads to phototoxic reactions induce the destruction of bacterial cells. This reaction is called photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is advantageous for theirantimicrobial potential local, efficient, easy to apply and without undesirable side effects. This assessment was desenvolved to verify through a literature review, the use of photodynamic therapy as a reducer microbial therapy coadjuvant in the treatment of periodontal diseases.