Retórica e realidade na Segurança Pública: estudo das estruturas dos sistemas de segurança pública dos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo

Abstract

The theoretical demarcation of this thesis results hom the provoked concern of two fundamental issues both which have great impact on the brazilian public sector. The first in respect to the appearance and diffusion of the New Public Management Model as a "natural" substitute for the Bureaucracy Theory (WEBER, 1967; MERTON, 1968), which was widely used in the administration of organizations throughout various decades but that, in theory, has reached its theoretical and practical breakdown. This positioning is defended by authors such as Osborne and Gaebler (1992), Aucoin (1990), Pollitt (1990) and BresserPereira (1998, 2001). The second issue, that happened mainly out of concern for the prior issue, refers to the implantation of "new management strategies and techniques" in several countries, including Brazil, hom the year 1995 (BRASIL, 1998) and especially, within the state of Minas Gerais, fiom 2003 with a program called "Management Shock" (MINAS GERAIS, 2003). Therin, seeking to accomplish a profound bibliographic revision similar to the already mentioned Bureaucracy Theory and New Public Management Model, just like the Public Administration (FLYNN, 1990; HOOD, 1991; SLOMSK1er al., 2008) and the Structure of Organizations (HALL, 1966, 1984; VASCONCELLOS; HEMSLEY, 1986) as a way to respond to both issues that instigated the realization of this research. The methodological demarcation consisted of a qualitative enviromnental approach with a base in descriptiveexplanatory research and case study method. Therefore, the units of analysis and of observation were, respectively, the public security systems of the state of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo and their respective subjects. The collection of data was carried out through semi structured interviews with sixty investigated people fiom the previously mentioned organizations - similar to other biographic and document studies. Finally, the strategy for analysis of the data was based on content analysis of the discourse. The results obtained show that a possible substitution of the Bureaucratic Theory for the New Public Management Model does not sustain in reality. ln other words, no theoretical rupture was verified, confirmed by the conclusions of authors such as Hood (1991), Goodsell (1993) and Pollitt and Bouckaert (2002). Emphasizing that, this conclusion is specifically based on the cited case and not of the existing public security models that existing in brazilian member states being, therefore, a punctual conclusion, even though very superficial. With this, it is not the primary objective of this thesis to verify the occuranee or the mentioned rupture. With this perspective, there is a clear confirmation that, as there is no theoretical rupture, there is no verified transformations within the public security systems of brazilian member states that can confirm the breakdown of the Bureaucracy Theory and the emerging of a new theory, as professed by members ofthe New Public Management Model. Therefore, in general, the security systems of` the brazilian member states are composed of a secretary of state, two half cycle police organizations Civil Police and Military Police - and, in the majority of citations, the respective military firefighters departments.