As origens da dicotomia trabalho e ócio: uma análise propositiva sob as perspectivas de Lafargue e Russell

Abstract

During antiquity and the Middle Ages manual labor was seen as a necessary evil, a natural fate of slaves and less fortunate or as a penalty imposed on humanity because of ancestral sin. Idleness was the ideal and desired condition, necessary for the development of the best human qualities condition - the philosophy, the arts, physical enhancement, science -. However, during the Modern Era a speech gradually took strength to become one of the major tenets of the West: the discourse of work. After the Industrial Revolution and the consolidation of capitalism, the "overvaluation of work" secured advances to the working class, but also serves as toll of oppression and alienation of the worker. Faced with these issues, and also the great productive, social and legal changes that have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, as well as new ways of working that have emerged since the midtwentieth century and the new demands of skilled manpower, which would be the future the relationship between work/idleness and its implications in the context of labor law and fundamental rights? This work is scoped to a detailed investigation of semantic and axiological origins of the dichotomy between work and idleness, and historical scenarios as Ancient Greece, the cultural cradle of the West, the Roman Empire, the environment in which they develop important legal institutions related to the world of the work, and also Christianity, since its inception until the Protestant Reformation, considering its impact on the moral ethics of western civilization and formatting. Subsequently, the dichotomous relationship that will be verified in the works of Paul Lafargue and Bertrand Russell, in order to identify the propositions presented by them as a solution to the problem of "overvaluation of work" at the expense of leisure.