Uma abordagem continuísta da psicopatologia psicanalítica: um percurso por Freud, Lacan e a teoria da sedução generalizada de Jean Laplanche

Abstract

The thesis formulates an interpretation of the psychoanalytic psychopathology based on a continuous perspective, proposing a line of continuity between neuroses and psychoses. We do not argue in the sense of a homology between neuroses and psychoses, but in the sense that a rigid barrier does not separate such forms of psychic suffering. The first part of the thesis presents a critical analysis of the notions of discrete and continuous in the history of psychoanalysis, having the French school of psychoanalysis as a parameter. Starting from notes on the problem of the discrete and the continuous in Freud, it is possible to conclude that his theory does not provide subsidies for a discontinuous apprehension of psychopathology; on the contrary, we note a tendency in Freud to consider points of contact between the various forms of psychic suffering. A discontinuous view of the psychoanalytic psychopathology is drawn with Lacans resort to structuralism, with the notion of clinical structures. Considering this, we go through the genesis and development of Lacan's use of structuralism, understanding its limits and formulating criticisms of the binary fundaments which we consider inadequate in order to think about the diversity of psychic suffering. On the other hand, we do not neglect to consider the importance of some of Lacan's contributions to the theoretical understanding and clinical management of neuroses and psychoses. On the second part of the thesis we turn to Laplanches theory in order to substantiate a model of the psychic topic and of the unconscious that allow us to address psychopathology in a continuous bias. In this analysis, in dialogue with other authors (besides Laplanche) who focus on the impasses of the Laplanchean theory (such as Ribeiro, Bleichmar, Dejours, Tarelho, Cardoso, Scarfone, Martens), we give our own interpretation to some dilemmatic points brought up in recent discussions related to enclosed elements, structural splitting and the third topic. We go on and analyze the great models of sexual linkage (castration, Oedipus, phallic logic, the Name-of-the-Father) present in our historical reality, locating a continuum in their incidence based on the relationship between gender and repression since we consider this relationship crucial in order to understand the defensive character of these forms of linkage. Taking the Name-of-Father - a law that regulates desire - as the paradigm of the connection between elements related to the origins and the various forms of linkage, we propose a "circular continuum" of its incidence, in which its absence as well as its totality would lead to psychosis. Some clinical phenomena are analyzed in order to corroborate the centrality of sex-gender in psychotic processes (such as in the case of the Push-to-the-woman and in the difficulties one faces when dealing with the sexual difference). Finally, some diagnostic and clinical consequences of the proposed conception are drawn, based on the analysis of four vignettes of clinical cases