Hipomineralização molar-incisivo: prevalência, fatores associados e impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de escolares

Abstract

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) corresponds to the developmental defect of the enamel that can cause teeth sensitivity in the teeth and rapid progression of caries. These conditions can cause pain and affect the quality of life. Oral health problems have an impact on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, factors associated with MIH and their impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren. This was a cross-sectional population-based study. A sample was evaluated and randomized, consisting of 1202 schoolchildren from 8 to 10 years of Teresina, Brazil. The students were instructed to diagnose MIH (EAPD), caries experience (DMF-T), clinical consequences of untreated caries (PUFA), need for treatment for the tooth with MIH and malocclusion. The impact of the oral situation on the OHRQoL was evaluated through validated questionnaires for Brazilian language Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8-10 (B-CPQ8-10) and Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (B-P-CPQ) short version. Descriptive data analysis, Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were performed. Cluster analysis was performed to dichotomize a variable negative impact on OHRQoL in high and low impact. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed for multivariate analysis and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Variables with p <0.20 lengths for the final model were considered p0.05 as significant. A prevalence of MIH found was 15.5%. Lower molars were the most affected by severe severity (60.6%). In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that students with MIH were associated with a higher prevalence of dentin sensitivity (PR=1.25; 95% CI:1.18-1.33) and caries experience (PR=1.09; 95% CI:1.03-1.15) than students without MIH. The final multivariate regression model showed that children with moderate MIH were associated with a higher prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL measured on oral symptom domain (PR=1.20; IC95%:1.07-1.36) than children without MIH. Parents of children with severe and moderate MIH reported that their children were associated with higher prevalence of negative impact on the functional limitation domain (RP=1.16; IC95%:1.06-1.26) and wellness domain (RP=1.16; IC95%:1.01-1.34), respectively, than parents of children without MIH. Thus, it can be concluded that MIH prevalence was high. Patients with MIH were associated with a higher prevalence of dental caries experience and dentin sensitivity. Children with moderate and severe HMI were associated with a higher prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL according to their parents and self-report.