Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SFSA-8U6R88
Type: Tese de Doutorado
Title: Caracterização arqueométrica de pinturas rupestres pré-históricas, pigmentos minerais naturais e eflorescências salinas de sítios arqueológicos
Authors: Luis Carlos Duarte Cavalcante
First Advisor: José Domingos Fabris
First Co-advisor: Maria Conceição Soares Meneses Lage
First Referee: Manoel José Mendes Pires
Second Referee: Marcelo Fagundes
Third Referee: Maria Irene Yoshida
metadata.dc.contributor.referee4: Maria Helena de Araujo
Abstract: O presente trabalho experimental foi dedicado a caracterizacao quimica e mineralogica de pinturas rupestres pre-historicas, de pigmentos minerais e de eflorescencias salinas de sitios arqueologicos localizados nos estados do Piaui, Bahia e Ceara, no Brasil, e no Parque Nacional Perito Moreno, na Argentina. Amostras foram investigadas no laboratorio por diversas tecnicas analiticas, incluindo (i) espectroscopia Mossbauer de eletrons de conversao e transmissao do 57Fe; (ii) difracao de raios X em incidencia rasante; (iii) espectroscopia de energia dispersiva; (iv) microscopia eletronica de varredura; (v) difracao de raios X do po; (vi) fluorescencia de raios X por dispersao de energia e (vii) espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. Os resultados revelaram que as pinturas vermelhas foram basicamente prepa radas com materiais ricos em hematita (alfaFe2O3); as pinturas amarelas continham goethita (alfaFeOOH); as pinturas pretas eram essencialmente compostas por carbono, presumivelmente de carvao vegetal (exceto a amostra PCI-03, que continha carbono juntamente com hematita), e a pintura cinza foi preparada com uma mistura de carbono e minerais aluminossilicatos. Os oxidos e oxidroxidos de ferro se apresentam como sendo de pequeno tamanho medio de particulas, elevada substituicao isomorfica de diferentes cations por ferro e baixa cristalinidade. Resultados relacionados as amostras de eflorescencias salinas revelaram a ocorrencia de chabazita (Ca2Al4Si8O24.12H2O); partheita (Ca2Al4Si4O15(OH)2.4H2O); taranakita (H6K3Al5(PO4)8.18H2O); newberita (MgHPO4.3H2O); caulinita (Al2Si2O5(OH)4); brushita (CaPO3(OH).2H2O); gipsita (CaSO4.2H2O); KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6; sulfato de potassio e aluminio (KAl(SO4)2); K2SO4.7KHSO4.H2O e 5ZnO.Al2O3.ZnSO4.15H2O. Os pigmentos vermelhos continham predominantemente hematita, juntamente com quartzo, caulinita, ilita e KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, enquanto o pigmento amarelo continha goethita, com quartzo e caulinita. O pigmento branco era composto principalmente por ilita e quartzo.
Abstract: The present experimental work was devoted to the chemical and mineralogical characterization of prehistoric rock paintings, of mineral pigments and of saline efflorescences from archaeological sites located in the states of Piauí, Bahia and Ceará, in Brazil, and in the Perito Moreno National Park, in Argentina. Samples were investigated in the laboratory by several analytical techniques, including (i) 57Fe transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy; (ii) grazing incidence X-ray diffraction; (iii) energy dispersive spectroscopy; (iv) scanning electronic microscopy; (v) powder X-ray diffraction; (vi) energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and (vii) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.Results revelated that the red paintings were basically prepared with hematite (Fe2O3)-rich materials; the yellow paintings contained goethite (FeOOH); the black paintings were essentially composed by carbon, presumably from charcoal (except the sample PCI-03, whichwas found to contain carbon together with hematite), and the gray painting was prepared with a mixture of carbon and aluminosilicate minerals. The iron oxides and oxyhydroxides appearas being of small particle sizes, high isomorphic substituition of different cations for iron and low crystallinity. Results related to saline efflorescence samples revealed the occurrence ofchabazite (Ca2Al4Si8O24.12H2O); partheite (Ca2Al4Si4O15(OH)2.4H2O); taranakite (H6K3Al5(PO4)8.18H2O); newberyite (MgHPO4.3H2O); kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4); brushite (CaPO3(OH).2H2O); gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O); KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6; potassium aluminum sulfate (KAl(SO4)2); K2SO4.7KHSO4.H2O and 5ZnO.Al2O3.ZnSO4.15H2O. The red pigments contained predominantly hematite, together with quartz, kaolinite, illite and KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, whereas the yellow pigment contained goethite, quartz and kaolinite. Thewhite pigment was composed mainly by illite and quartz.
Subject: Química analítica
Raios X Difração
Pinturas rupestres
Mossbauer, Espectroscopia de
language: Português
Publisher: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Publisher Initials: UFMG
Rights: Acesso Aberto
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SFSA-8U6R88
Issue Date: 20-Apr-2012
Appears in Collections:Teses de Doutorado

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