Integração do controle de densidade, cobertura e roteamento em redes de sensores sem fio: modelos matemáticos, algoritmos de otimização e simulação

Abstract

In this work, we introduce models and optimization algorithms to reduce the wireless sensor networks energy consumption, by integrating some common optimization problems to this network. A discrete event simulator is implemented and tested in order to assess, from certain Quality of Service metrics, how the solutions found by optimization algorithms behave in a dynamic environment. Finally, the proposed model is compared to an alternative topology in the literature. The optimization problem addressed in this work consists to integrate the Coverage, Density Control, Sink Location and Routing Problem through a multi-period approach.As the network lifetime is known, it is divided into equal time periods and for each one, a solution for all the integrated problems must be ensured. This model is presented by a mixed integer programming formulation. A Branch-and-Cut algorithm is proposed and implemented to solve the problem exactly. Due to the difficulties inherent to the integration, solve the proposed problem optimality is a difficult task, even for small instances. Thus, we propose a heuristic to find feasible solutions, with good quality, in acceptable time. Our results show that the optimization algorithms had achieved good levels of service quality, presenting significant energy reductions, especially when it is compared to an alternative approach found in the literature.