Dinâmica da estratificação social no setor público brasileiro: meritocracia ou reprodução social?

Abstract

The analysis of the process of social stratification in the Brazilian public sector is a primordial task, face to the conflict of meritocratics elements, proper of the sector, with the non meritocratics ones, inherent to the context socio-historic of the nation. To fill such gap, this article analyzes, using secondary data (PNAD/IBGE 1973, 1982, 1988 and 1996), the dynamics of the social stratification in the national public sector. For in such a way, two models of multinomial logistic regression and two models of path analysis had been tested, for each year, totalizing sixteen models. The dependent variables of the models are, in this order, (i) probability to enter in the public sector, private sector and others; (II) In the public sector, the probability to occupy a managerial position, a professional position and others; (III) socioeconomic index of the individual occupation, in both sectors. In these tests, thepropose was identify: i) the effect of the meritocratics and non meritocratics variables in the social stratification in the Brazilian public sector, II) if the requirement of public competition modifies this dynamics, and III) if the access to determined occupational groups (managerialand professional ones), in this sector, present particularities. The results of the study indicate that the meritocratic promise of the sector is fallacious, a time that the effect of the origin of the individual persists. It was observed that the mechanism of the public competition does notfortify the meritocracy and that the social reproduction, identified eminently by education, is stronger in the access to the public sector, in professional positions, in the group of the statutory ones.