Ética e razão: ensaio sobre a emersão e superação da crise ética da Antiguidade

Abstract

The main objective of the present dissertation is to discuss the ethical conflict experienced at the dawn of classical Greek philosophy, denoted by the decline of the Homeric ethos, and by the transition from the mythical logos to the epistemic logos. To accomplish this task, the text was divided into two points. First, as an introduction, the concepts of ethos itself and of ethical conflict were approached, both based on the work of Henrique Cláudio Lima Vaz. Secondly, regarding the development of the text, we first approached the passage from the mythical logos to the epistemic logos, allied to the historical context of ancient Greece perceived in this period. The purpose of this point was to outline the ethical crisis experienced in Athens, especially in the 5th century B.C. Later on, the construction of the Socratic-Platonic and Aristotelian ethical-political thought was approached, both of these responsible for coining the science that, responding to the aspiration of the archaic Hellenic rationality, manages to unify the necessity of the logical demonstrative discourse, to the contingency of the philosophical reflection of praxis, thus overcoming the Classical eras ethical crisis. Therefore, we are able to contemplate dawn of Ethics, understood as the science of ethos and as an autonomous discipline, and the closing of the ethical conflict illustrated at the beginning of the text, from which emerges the Ethical and Political doctrine that will serve as a mainstay for all Western philosophy.