Adaptação transcultural do Test of Playfulness para uso no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazilian clinical practice, there is a predominance of the use of play as a “means” for developing skills to engage in other occupations, to the detriment of playing as an “occupational goal”, considering that there is difficulty in establishing specific parameters for assessment of playing. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate tools to assess this occupation, with the cross-cultural adaptation of existing instruments being a cost-effective alternative. Objectives: To carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) for use in Brazil and verify its validity (face and content) and inter-rater reliability. Method: Methodological design. The cross-cultural adaptation process followed the steps proposed by Beaton et al. (2000) and included translation, back-translation and evaluation of the measurement properties. Content validity was examined based on the assessment carried out by five occupational therapists specialized in child development; and with a group of 30 pediatric occupational therapists. Inter-rater reliability was calculated based on the assessment of children with typical development (4 to 9 years and 11 months; n = 33), the ICC was calculated, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results: The translation of the ToP was validated at all stages; for reliability analysis between two evaluators, who assessed 33 children, resulted in excellent agreement (ICC = 0.988 [95%CI: 0.975; 0.994; p<0.001]); for reliability between the 30 therapists participating in the pre-test, who evaluated the same child, agreement was also excellent (ICC = 0.924 [95%CI: 0.843; 0.975; p<0.001]); which highlights the stability and strong positive linear correlation of adaptation. The content validity analysis obtained by questioning the 30 therapists showed an acceptable content validity coefficient (CVC = 0.913), indicating that all items were classified as acceptable. Conclusion: The adapted version of the ToP to be used in Brazil seems appropriate to the Brazilian cultural context and can be used by occupational therapists in play assessment processes for different populations of children based on specific criteria, in addition to enabling increased research in the area.