Efeitos da prática de modalidades esportivas com diferentes características no desempenho em uma tarefa complexa de timing coincidente

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether motor skills are general or specific and whether the performance in a complex task of coincident timing is influenced by the practice of sports modalities with different characteristics and different age groups. The sample consisted of 60 volunteers, aged between 06 and 25 years, of both genders, right-handed, divided into two groups that practice two skill classes. A group that has high demand for coincident timing, composed of futsal and tennis players and the sport practice is characterized as open ability (G1); And another group that does not have this demand for coincident timing, composed of gymnasts and swimmers, and the sport practice is characterized as closed ability (G2). Both experimental groups were divided into three groups, each composed of 5 athletes of each sport modality, differentiated by the practice time and level of competition, named as: beginners, intermediate and experienced, forming G1IN, G1IT, G1EX, G2IN, G2IT and G2EX. A coincident timing task in which individuals touched five sensors in a predetermined sequence was used. The movement was initiated after a luminous stimulus, and should end up coinciding with the end of a sequence of light diodes. The experimental procedures were performed in two different moments in a single day: familiarization phase and test phase. The familiarization phase was composed by the execution of the motor task until the volunteers successfully hit 5 times the order of touch in the sensors, being 1 → 2, 2 → 3, 3 → 4, 4 → 5, and with the speed of the Visual stimulus of 73.2 cm / s. In the test phase, each participant performed 20 trials of the motor task also with the visual stimulus velocity of 73.2 cm / s. The data related to the absolute error (EA) of coincident timing, constant error (EC) and variable error (EV) were analyzed statistically. In order to analyze intra and intergroup differences, an Anova Two-Way was used, and later Post Hoc was used to identify relevant statistical differences. The results showed that there was a difference between the groups that practice ability with and without demand for timing in all age groups, and that, in general, G1 presented better performance in relation to G2. These results suggest that there seems to be an influence of the practice of sports modalities with a demand for coincident timing in the development of coincident timing in different age groups.