Encenações linguageiras, jogos argumentativos e redes terminológicas nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2010: a representação da informação em domínios dinâmicos

Abstract

This research proposes a sociolinguistic-discursive methodological approach for the representation of information in dynamic domains, which contemplates the two constitutive dimensions of discourse: the linguistic-enunciative and the discursive-situational. For such, the speeches that were uttered by the three major presidential candidates in monologic and dialogic situations in the Brazilian election campaign in 2010 were taken as empirical object. In order to operationalize this approach, it was promoted up a game of deconstruction and reconstruction of meanings, in which the term was removed from its context of production, considering the discursive surface of the texts analyzed, and then reinserted in the enunciative scene, through the analysis of the instituted argumentative configurations and the semantic polarizations of terms. Thus, in a first movement, lexicometric analysis and social network analysis, which were made possible by the identification and automatic extraction of the most frequent lexical units in each analyzed text and the construction of terminological networks, pointed to the common and specific uses of terms and syntagmas in addition to the configuration of subgroups of terms. In a second move, the evaluation of these terms, which was enhanced by the determination of rhetorical and argumentative strategies based on facts, assumptions, truths, values and commonplaces socially shared and agreed between the candidate and his audience, and constrained by a political communication contract, revealed their various contextual appropriations and the establishment of diachronically contingent meanings. In a complementary way, in a comparative effort to identify the discursive regularities inherent in the electoral political genre, the speeches given in the elections of 2010 and 2006 were contrasted. This contrast allowed us to verify the changes and continuities of the speeches, as well as the lexical generalities and specifics dependent upon the production context and the dynamics of the domain in question. Finally, it is argued that the proposed approach, attending to the semantic dimensions derived from discursive social practices, situationally anchored in what subjects experience, and being made possible by the expansion of the theoretical dialogue established between argumentation in speech and information organization, contributes effectively to the processes of description, explanation, interpretation and formalization of instruments of information representation in dynamic domains.